XRF is highly sensitive to metallic elements, particularly elements ranging from Al-U on the periodic table. For coating thickness analysis, XRF can be applied to any metallic coating, single or multi-layered, over any metallic or non-metallic substrate. For alloy analysis, XRF can determine the % composition for each alloying element and identify the alloy grade number designation. For solutions analysis, metal ions in plating baths can be quantified for process control.